Inactivity and ageing are associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic health, and exercise is effective to counteract these phenotypic changes.Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key regulator of muscle size, autophagy, and metabolism but the molecular regulation of mTORC1 remains incompletely understood, particularly in the context of muscle and exercise.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is impaired in conditions of aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suggesting that diminished skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity is linked to the pathogenesis of aging- and lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the aging- and T2DM-related decline in mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle is crucial in developing therapeutic and lifestyle-related strategies to maintain skeletal muscle metabolic function in these conditions.
Dual-hormone treatment with insulin and low-dose glucagon is a sparsely explored area except in artificial pancreas (automated) systems. However, dual-hormone treatment has the potential to improve the quality of life and glycemic control in a majority of patients with type 1 diabetes, including both patients treated with multiple daily insulin injections and with insulin pumps. Stable, liquid glucagon formulations with similar action profile as the current unstable glucagon products are under development by more companies including our collaborator Zealand Pharma.
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is caused by relative insulin deficiency arising when pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion fails to compensate for insulin resistance. Elevated blood free fatty acids and after T2DM onset glucose are mediators of β-cell failure in T2DM.
Fractures are a serious complication to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may give rise to pain, need of care, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Bone is remodelled throughout life through bone resorption by the osteoclasts and bone formation by the osteoblasts. The remodelling activity and the balance between resorption and subsequent formation are influenced by many factors including food consumption.
For the past decades the prognosis for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has improved significantly with more than 85% being cured. This in part reflects intensive chemotherapy (amongst others, asparaginase) combined with high doses of steroids. However, the burden of therapy has increased proportionally.
Background: Although type 2 diabetes guidelines for several years have recommended poly pharmacological therapy of well-established risk factors, the mortality rate in type 2 diabetes patients is increased by almost a factor 2. A potential mechanism could be linked with activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor, which has been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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