Proper function of β-cells is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. A significant reduction in both β-cell mass and function is observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been questioned whether β-cells actually are lost in type 2 diabetes or rather are dedifferentiating into less mature cells resulting in reduced functional β-cell mass.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues are currently successfully used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these effects of GLP-1 analogue treatment on glucose and energy metabolism remain largely unknown.
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